Angiosurgans argue that varicose veins are such a pathological process, as a result of which the venous wall changes with posterior valve deficiency.
Reasons
The exact causes of varicose veins are not yet known.Based on epidemiological studies, it was found that a genetic predisposition affects the pathological process.
The predisposing factors are also known, from which the varicose veins may appear:
- violation of hormonal background (menopause, estrogen intake);
- overweight;
- pregnancy;
- long static loads;
- wearing tight linen;
- constipation;
- surgical intervention (arteriovenous bypass);
- Development or obstruction defects of deep veins.
How do you see?
Since varicose veins are a modification of the veins, the pathology is classified not only in vascular diseases, but also to cosmetic problems:
- Patients first notice the appearance of a venous pattern on the legs or the appearance of mesh veins.
- Later, the veins become convincing, lifts the skin.
- In the stages of greater reach, the varicose nodes are clearly visible, which represents the confusion and expansion of the venous vessels.
The violation of tissue trophism leads to a change in skin pigmentation.
Stages (grade)
Several stages, or degrees, varicose veins are distinguished.With varicose first grade veins in patients, SOs's heavy leg syndrome is diagnosed.Often, patients complain of cramps in the muscles of the calf and swelling, which disappears after the break.
With the second degree varicose veins, persistent edema, deteriorated skin pigmentation, stagnant dermatitis is produced.In advanced cases, trophic ulcers appear in the third degree of disease.
The value of prevention
Knowing the predisposing factors of the appearance of the disease, attention should be paid to the prevention of varicose veins:
- Wear comfortable shoes and underwear;
- Minimization of work associated with static loads and prolonged position on the legs;
- Physical Education classes;
- Vitamin reception: C, E, pp;
- Power correction.
If there is no way to change the work that is the cause of the occurrence of the disease, it is recommended to download gymnastics during the day and drain massage at night.Using elastic bandages and a contrast shower will help avoid the disease.
Signs
The symptoms of varicose veins are diverse.The clinical image depends on the course of the disease and the location of the varicose process.
Leg varicosis
The initial signs of the varicose veins are:
- Severity in the legs;
- leg stress;
- fatigue when walking;
- Pasture in the ankle joint (often at night);
- seizures;
- Pain in the course of the enlarged veins.
In women, symptoms are growing before menstruation.After the break, the unpleasant sensations in the legs disappear.
Lymphatic deficiency in varicose veins leads to the development of cellulite, dermatosclerosis, trophic ulcers and erysipelas.With serious violations of the venous output flow, patients complain of itchy skin and dry skin in the area of the affected vein.
Little by little, instead of rape of tissue trophism, the skin is thinner and more atrophic.Hyper or hypopigmentation develops.With the progression of the pathological process, cyanotic points and trophic ulcers appear.
In a pronounced process, patients have complaints about:
- greater fatigue;
- heartbeat;
- Difficulty breathing.
These signs are associated with a greater load in the heart muscle in relation to the blood tank in the venous line.
Reticular varicose veins of the lower extremities
A special manifestation of varicose veins are the reticular veins.Clinical manifestations of pathology:
- increase the local temperature in the ankle joint;
- fatigue and heaviness of the legs;
- Dense subcutaneous tissue.
Varicose veins of the esophagus
With a varicose expansion of the veins of the esophagus, a conviction and bags of blood vessels appear.The main cause of disease development is portal hypertension.
The disease is manifested by the following signs:
- inflammation of the esophagus;
- ardor, belching;
- anemia;
- Difficulty swallowing food.
A dangerous complication of pathology is the massive bleeding of the veins.The patient has vomiting with blood, hypotension, tachycardia, deteriorated consciousness.
Uterus varicosis
The forms of the internal varicose veins include the varicose veins of the uterus.The main reasons for change in the veins:
- physical activity;
- chronic constipation;
- pregnancy;
- taking hormonal contraceptives;
- abnormalities of development;
- Abortion.
Women with uterine varicose veins complain about pain in the lower abdomen, rape of the menstrual cycle.The disease can lead to infertility.
Varicose veins of the lips
This type of varicose veins in pregnant women can develop since the second month of pregnancy.The disease develops if there were pelvic thrombosis or there are congenital angiodisplasia.
How do you see varicose veins?
- expanded vulva veins;
- Combs on the skin as a result of itching;
- swelling.
The disease is accompanied by dirty disorders, exploding in the perineum.The danger is the development of acute thrombophlebitis, a breakdown of a damaged container.
Varicose veins of a small pelvis
The first signs of the varicose veins are the pain in the lower abdomen.There are several options for the course of this form of disease:
- varicose and vulva veins;
- Pelvic venous plethora.
Clinical manifestations of pathology are observed in 30% of women during pregnancy.The disease is a purely feminine pathology.
The large venous amount is manifested by the following signals:
- gravity and pain;
- pain during sex;
- dysmenorrhea;
- Urine disorder.
Varicocele
The varicosis of the seed cord in men is called Varicocele.The disease leads to a violation of the venous flow of the testicles.Patients complain about extracting pain in scrotum, erectile dysfunction.When examining the testicles, the expanded superficial veins, the asymmetry of the scrotum are visible.The reasons for the development of the disease include:
- physical activity;
- Congenital deficiency of connective tissue;
- Tumors in retroperitoneal space or pelvis.
With the progression of pathology, spermatogenesis is altered, which leads to infertility.The disease can be complicated by bleeding of the affected vessels.
Varicose dermatitis
In addition to the characteristic clinical symptoms of progressive varicose veins, its complication must be taken into account: stagnant dermatitis.In patients, the skin on the affected veins begins to be thinner and itching.In places of inflammation, dark or light and peeled spots appear.
The location of venous dermatitis is the lower part of the leg and ankle joint. With combs, the pathological process applies to healthy tissues.If the problem is ignored, inflammation enters varicose eczema.
Varicose eczema
Inflammation is stubborn with periods of remission and relapse.Skin injuries are severely treated even after humans.Due to a violation of the microcirculation, the liquid part of the blood is filtered through the walls of the affected vessels.In the area above the varicose vein, swelling and crying areas appear.
Bubbles full of serous or serous leaf occur in the legs.With combs, an infection gets into the wounds.Fusing, small bubbles form papules.After opening the vesicles, scabs appear.The healing site is thinned and covered with scales.During the exacerbation period, vesicles happen again.The progression of pathology leads to the formation of trophic ulcers.
Pain as a sign of the disease
Often, patients complain of pain through varicose veins, which is improved by palpation of the affected vessel.In the initial stages, the sign manifests slightly.A person feels weakness and pulls pain at the end of the day.In the morning, after rest, the symptoms disappear.In the last stages, pain syndrome occurs at night.
A combination of pain and seizures at night or after a long position in the legs is considered a classical manifestation of varicose veins.
Pain characteristic for varicose veins:
- upper region;
- Trophyl ulcer area;
- The calf muscle.
If an increase in total temperature joins, this can indicate the beginning of the inflammatory process in Vienna - thrombophlebitis.
Vascular stars
Vascular stars are called tea -gioctasia.The pathology is manifested by the expansion of small subcutaneous vessels.In the skin it manifests in the form of a network of purple or red vessels.The causes of teleangiectasias can be not only in venous deficiency, but also:
- Connective tissue diseases;
- hepatobiliary system pathologies;
- use of hormonal drugs;
- Endocrine diseases.
The vascular mesh manifests in the legs, face or buttocks.Telegioectasia is not a separate disease, but acts as a symptom, which represents more a cosmetic defect.
In the face
On the face, the appearance of a capillary mesh is called Rosacea.It appears in case of violation of the rheological properties of the blood, with arterial hypertension or diseases of the digestive system, the negative effects of low temperatures or drinking alcohol.
In women, the main cause of teleangiectasia is hormonal restructuring.The gold standard to eliminate defect is laser coagulation.
On the feet
In the legs, the vascular mesh appears as a result of venous stagnation.Violet networks often accompany the varicose veins.As diseases of teangiectasia advance, they increase.Even after the elimination of the veins, the capillary mesh remains.The methods of its elimination are scleroderma, radiofrequency ablation, endovasal laser coagulation.
How to get rid of?
Before getting rid of varicose veins, they are carried out by integral diagnoses.Patients show blood and urine exam laboratory methods, reflux detection for subcutaneous veins, functional samples.Of the instrumental techniques, they are assigned:
- duplex ultrasound or triplex scan;
- X -Ray of contract phlebography;
- Magnetic resonance phlebography;
- Multispiral computer angiography with contrast.
After determining the degree of varicose veins, the problem of applying treatment methods: surgical surgery or conservative therapy.
Who treats?
If the first symptoms occur, you must communicate with the clinic with a phlebologist or angiosurg. In the medical facilities of the district, surgeons are dedicated to this disease.It should be understood that the experience and grades of those who treat the varicose veins play a decisive role in eliminating the problem.Therefore, it is better to contact specialized centers.
What treatment is needed?
With damage to the lower extremities vessels, the following main methods are used:
- surgery;
- sclerosing therapy;
- Conservative treatment
In advanced cases, the methods are combined.In chronic venous insufficiency with damage to the valve apparatus of blood vessels and signs of thrombophlebitis, the elimination of the vein (phlebectomy) is indicated.The methods of surgical intervention with the minimum nature of the invasion include:
- Thermal ablation of veins: radiofrequency, laser, microwave, steam;
- Non -ethical ablation: chemical with sclerosurizing and mecanochemical medications.
To reduce the symptoms of the disease, systemic therapy is prescribed by medications.Patients are prescribed:
- antibiotics in inflammatory processes and trophic ulcers;
- antiseptic;
- phleboprotectors;
- Tissue repair stimulants;
- anticoagulants;
- Topical steroids with trophic ulcers;
- Local use of drugs containing heparin.
The condition for the effective elimination of varicose veins is compression therapy using elastic bandages, golfs, socks.A popular bandage method is a Zinc-Wewatin bandage for trophic disorders.
What helps improve?
Preparations and compression bandages (knitting) are prescribed only by a doctor, taking into account the stage of the disease, their complications, accompanying pathologies and the patient's age.Therefore, what helps with varicose veins better, a phlebologist should say.
It should be understood that treatment only with drugs will not eliminate the pathology, as well as the use of compression point garments.
Varicose veins in most cases are eliminated only surgically in combination with other therapy methods.
How to eliminate itching?
To get rid of itching with varicose veins, you must know how to eliminate it.Doctors recipe moisturizing therapeutic ointments (you can use children's cream).With severe and peeled skin, drugs are prescribed with hormones.
They use compresses with herbal decoctions with an anti -inflammatory effect (chamomile, calendula, sage, a series, hops cones).
What is dangerous?
The consequences of varicose veins include phlebitis, trophic ulcers, thrombophlebitis, menstrual rape, erectile dysfunction, infertility.The formation of a thrombus and bleeding of the affected vessels is what varicose veins are dangerous.
Broken blood fabrics of the lower extremities in a second fall into a small circle of blood circulation, causing thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery.
With bleeding without emergency medical attention, a person loses a lot of blood.All these complications lead to disability or death without proper treatment.
Conclusions
Varicosis refers to a common pathology.It is developed in people with a hereditary predisposition with excessive static and dynamic loads, as well as with its prolonged absence.
The disease leads to serious complications, so if the first signs occur, it is necessary to contact a pharmoton.
You can get rid of the problem only with an integrated approach.
Patients show surgical methods of treatment, medications, use of compression knit and lifestyle correction.